举例讲解Django中数据模型访问外键值的方法
时间:2021-12-08 14:54 作者:admin610456
先设置一个关于书本(book)的数据模型:
from django.db import modelsclass Publisher(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=30) address = models.CharField(max_length=50) city = models.CharField(max_length=60) state_province = models.CharField(max_length=30) country = models.CharField(max_length=50) website = models.URLField() def __unicode__(self): return self.nameclass Author(models.Model): first_name = models.CharField(max_length=30) last_name = models.CharField(max_length=40) email = models.EmailField() def __unicode__(self): return u'%s %s' % (self.first_name, self.last_name)class Book(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=100) authors = models.ManyToManyField(Author) publisher = models.ForeignKey(Publisher) publication_date = models.DateField() def __unicode__(self): return self.title
访问外键(Foreign Key)值
当你获取一个ForeignKey 字段时,你会得到相关的数据模型对象。 例如:
>>> b = Book.objects.get(id=50)>>> b.publisher<Publisher: Apress Publishing>>>> b.publisher.websiteu'http://www.apress.com/'
对于用`` ForeignKey`` 来定义的关系来说,在关系的另一端也能反向的追溯回来,只不过由于不对称性的关系而稍有不同。 通过一个`` publisher`` 对象,直接获取 books ,用 publisher.book_set.all() ,如下:
>>> p = Publisher.objects.get(name='Apress Publishing')>>> p.book_set.all()[<Book: The Django Book>, <Book: Dive Into python/' target='_blank'>python>, ...]
实际上,book_set 只是一个 QuerySet,所以它可以像QuerySet一样,能实现数据过滤和分切,例如:
>>> p = Publisher.objects.get(name='Apress Publishing')>>> p.book_set.filter(name__icontains='django')[<Book: The Django Book>, <Book: Pro Django>]
属性名称book_set是由模型名称的小写(如book)加_set组成的。
(责任编辑:admin)