Python使用matplotlib绘制动画的方法

本文实例讲述了python/' target='_blank'>python使用matplotlib绘制动画的方法。分享给大家供大家参考。具体分析如下：

matplotlib从1.1.0版本以后就开始支持绘制动画

下面是几个的示例：

第一个例子使用generator，每隔两秒，就运行函数data_gen：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-  import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import matplotlib.animation as animation fig = plt.figure() axes1 = fig.add_subplot(111) line, = axes1.plot(np.random.rand(10)) #因为update的参数是调用函数data_gen,#所以第一个默认参数不能是framenum def update(data):   line.set_ydata(data)   return line, # 每次生成10个随机数据 def data_gen():   while True:     yield np.random.rand(10) ani = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, update, data_gen, interval=2*1000)plt.show()

第二个例子使用list（metric），每次从metric中取一行数据作为参数送入update中：

import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import matplotlib.animation as animation start = [1, 0.18, 0.63, 0.29, 0.03, 0.24, 0.86, 0.07, 0.58, 0] metric =[[0.03, 0.86, 0.65, 0.34, 0.34, 0.02, 0.22, 0.74, 0.66, 0.65],      [0.43, 0.18, 0.63, 0.29, 0.03, 0.24, 0.86, 0.07, 0.58, 0.55],      [0.66, 0.75, 0.01, 0.94, 0.72, 0.77, 0.20, 0.66, 0.81, 0.52]     ] fig = plt.figure() window = fig.add_subplot(111) line, = window.plot(start) #如果是参数是list,则默认每次取list中的一个元素,#即metric[0],metric[1],...def update(data):   line.set_ydata(data)   return line, ani = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, update, metric, interval=2*1000) plt.show() 

第三个例子：

import numpy as np from matplotlib import pyplot as plt from matplotlib import animation # First set up the figure, the axis, and the plot element we want to animate fig = plt.figure() ax = plt.axes(xlim=(0, 2), ylim=(-2, 2)) line, = ax.plot([], [], lw=2) # initialization function: plot the background of each frame def init():   line.set_data([], [])   return line, # animation function. This is called sequentially # note: i is framenumber def animate(i):   x = np.linspace(0, 2, 1000)   y = np.sin(2 * np.pi * (x - 0.01 * i))   line.set_data(x, y)   return line, # call the animator. blit=True means only re-draw the parts that have changed. anim = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, animate, init_func=init,                 frames=200, interval=20, blit=True) #anim.save('basic_animation.mp4', fps=30, extra_args=['-vcodec', 'libx264']) plt.show() 

第四个例子:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import matplotlib.animation as animation # 每次产生一个新的坐标点 def data_gen():   t = data_gen.t   cnt = 0   while cnt < 1000:     cnt+=1     t += 0.05     yield t, np.sin(2*np.pi*t) * np.exp(-t/10.) data_gen.t = 0 # 绘图 fig, ax = plt.subplots() line, = ax.plot([], [], lw=2) ax.set_ylim(-1.1, 1.1) ax.set_xlim(0, 5) ax.grid() xdata, ydata = [], [] # 因为run的参数是调用函数data_gen,# 所以第一个参数可以不是framenum:设置line的数据,返回line def run(data):   # update the data   t,y = data   xdata.append(t)   ydata.append(y)   xmin, xmax = ax.get_xlim()   if t >= xmax:     ax.set_xlim(xmin, 2*xmax)     ax.figure.canvas.draw()   line.set_data(xdata, ydata)   return line, # 每隔10秒调用函数run,run的参数为函数data_gen, # 表示图形只更新需要绘制的元素 ani = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, run, data_gen, blit=True, interval=10,   repeat=False) plt.show() 

再看下面的例子:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import matplotlib.animation as animation #第一个参数必须为framenum def update_line(num, data, line):   line.set_data(data[...,:num])   return line, fig1 = plt.figure() data = np.random.rand(2, 15) l, = plt.plot([], [], 'r-') plt.xlim(0, 1) plt.ylim(0, 1) plt.xlabel('x') plt.title('test') #framenum从1增加大25后,返回再次从1增加到25,再返回... line_ani = animation.FuncAnimation(fig1, update_line, 25,fargs=(data, l),interval=50, blit=True) #等同于 #line_ani = animation.FuncAnimation(fig1, update_line, frames=25,fargs=(data, l), #  interval=50, blit=True) #忽略frames参数,framenum会从1一直增加下去知道无穷 #由于frame达到25以后,数据不再改变,所以你会发现到达25以后图形不再变化了 #line_ani = animation.FuncAnimation(fig1, update_line, fargs=(data, l),#  interval=50, blit=True) plt.show() 

希望本文所述对大家的Python程序设计有所帮助。