使用Python编写一个简单的tic-tac-toe游戏的教程

这个教程，我们将展示如何用python/' target='_blank'>python创建一个井字游戏。 其中我们将使用函数、数组、if条件语句、while循环语句和错误捕获等。

首先我们需要创建两个函数，第一个函数用来显示游戏板:

def print_board():  for i in range(0,3):    for j in range(0,3):      print map[2-i][j],      if j != 2:        print "|",    print ""

这我们使用两个for循环来遍历map，该map是一个包含了位置信息的二维数组。

游戏板看起来是这样的:

|  | |  | |  | X | X | O | X | O | O | X X | X | XX | X | XX | X | X

下面我们需要一个函数check_done()来检查游戏是否结束。如果结束，则返回True并打印消息。

def check_done():  for i in range(0,3):    if map[i][0] == map[i][1] == map[i][2] != " " \    or map[0][i] == map[1][i] == map[2][i] != " ":      print turn, "won!!!"      return True       if map[0][0] == map[1][1] == map[2][2] != " " \  or map[0][2] == map[1][1] == map[2][0] != " ":    print turn, "won!!!"    return True   if " " not in map[0] and " " not in map[1] and " " not in map[2]:    print "Draw"    return True       return False

有几个地方需要检查，首先检查水平和垂直方向，是否有一行或一列不为空且包含有三个相同的符号，然后我们再检查斜方向。如果上面有一个方向满足，游戏结束并打印“Won!!!”。请注意检查变量改变，它用来标记当前是哪一位玩家。

同时我们需要检查当前游戏板是否被填满且没有人获胜，游戏平局。

有了上面的两个函数，下面我们创建3个变量:

turn = "X"map = [[" "," "," "],    [" "," "," "],    [" "," "," "]]done = False

turn : 轮到谁
map : 游戏板
done : 游戏是否结束

现在启动游戏:

while done != True:  print_board()     print turn, "'s turn"  print   moved = False  while moved != True:

这里使用了while循环直到游戏结束并返回true.在这个循环里面，使用了另外一个while循环来检查玩家是否移动，如果玩家没有移动，则程序会跳到下一次循环。

下一步告诉玩家怎么玩:

print "Please select position by typing in a number between 1 and 9, see below for which number that is which position..."    print "7|8|9"    print "4|5|6"    print "1|2|3"    print try:      pos = input("Select: ")      if pos <=9 and pos >=1:

我们期望玩家输入一个数字，检查该数字是否是在1到9之间。另外，我们这里需要一段错误处理逻辑，我们还需要需要检查玩家是否能移动到一个位置:

Y = pos/3        X = pos%3        if X != 0:          X -=1        else:           X = 2           Y -=1

以下是全部的代码:

def print_board():  for i in range(0,3):    for j in range(0,3):      print map[2-i][j],      if j != 2:        print "|",    print ""  def check_done():  for i in range(0,3):    if map[i][0] == map[i][1] == map[i][2] != " " \    or map[0][i] == map[1][i] == map[2][i] != " ":      print turn, "won!!!"      return True       if map[0][0] == map[1][1] == map[2][2] != " " \  or map[0][2] == map[1][1] == map[2][0] != " ":    print turn, "won!!!"    return True   if " " not in map[0] and " " not in map[1] and " " not in map[2]:    print "Draw"    return True        return False     turn = "X"map = [[" "," "," "],    [" "," "," "],    [" "," "," "]]done = False  while done != True:  print_board()     print turn, "'s turn"  print   moved = False  while moved != True:    print "Please select position by typing in a number between 1 and 9,\    see below for which number that is which position..."    print "7|8|9"    print "4|5|6"    print "1|2|3"    print     try:      pos = input("Select: ")      if pos <=9 and pos >=1:        Y = pos/3        X = pos%3        if X != 0:          X -=1        else:           X = 2           Y -=1                   if map[Y][X] == " ":          map[Y][X] = turn          moved = True          done = check_done()           if done == False:            if turn == "X":              turn = "O"            else:              turn = "X"                    except:      print "You need to add a numeric value"