python实现rest请求api示例

该代码参考新浪python/' target='_blank'>python api,适用于各个开源api请求

复制代码 代码如下:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import collections
import gzip
import urllib
import urllib2
from urlparse import urlparse

try:
from cStringIO import StringIO
except ImportError:
from StringIO import StringIO

try:
import json
except ImportError:
import simplejson as json

__author__ = 'myth'

_HTTP_GET = 1
_HTTP_POST = 2
# 超时时间（秒）
TIMEOUT = 45
RETURN_TYPE = {"json": 0, "xml": 1, "html": 2, "text": 3}
_METHOD_MAP = {'GET': _HTTP_GET, 'POST': _HTTP_POST}

class APIError(StandardError):
"""
raise APIError if receiving json message indicating failure.
"""
def __init__(self, error_code, error, request):
self.error_code = error_code
self.error = error
self.request = request
StandardError.__init__(self, error)

def __str__(self):
return 'APIError: %s: %s, request: %s' % (self.error_code, self.error, self.request)

# def callback_type(return_type='json'):
#
# default_type = "json"
# default_value = RETURN_TYPE.get(default_type)
# if return_type:
# if isinstance(return_type, (str, unicode)):
# default_value = RETURN_TYPE.get(return_type.lower(), default_value)
# return default_value

def _format_params(_pk=None, encode=None, **kw):
"""

:param kw:
:type kw:
:param encode:
:type encode:
:return:
:rtype:
"""

__pk = '%s[%%s]' % _pk if _pk else '%s'
encode = encode if encode else urllib.quote

for k, v in kw.iteritems():
_k = __pk % k
if isinstance(v, basestring):
qv = v.encode('utf-8') if isinstance(v, unicode) else v
_v = encode(qv)
yield _k, _v
elif isinstance(v, collections.Iterable):
if isinstance(v, dict):
for _ck, _cv in _format_params(_pk=_k, encode=encode, **v):
yield _ck, _cv
else:
for i in v:
qv = i.encode('utf-8') if isinstance(i, unicode) else str(i)
_v = encode(qv)
yield _k, _v
else:
qv = str(v)
_v = encode(qv)
yield _k, _v

def encode_params(**kw):
"""
do url-encode parameters

>>> encode_params(a=1, b='R&D')
'a=1&b=R%26D'
>>> encode_params(a=u'\u4e2d\u6587', b=['A', 'B', 123])
'a=%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87&b=A&b=B&b=123'

>>> encode_params(**{
'a1': {'aa1': 1, 'aa2': {'aaa1': 11}},
'b1': [1, 2, 3, 4],
'c1': {'cc1': 'C', 'cc2': ['Q', 1, '@'], 'cc3': {'ccc1': ['s', 2]}}
})
'a1[aa1]=1&a1[aa2][aaa1]=11&c1[cc1]=C&c1[cc3][ccc1]=s&c1[cc3][ccc1]=2&c1[cc2]=Q&c1[cc2]=1&c1[cc2]=%40&b1=1&b1=2&b1=3&b1=4'
"""
# args = []
# for k, v in kw.iteritems():
# if isinstance(v, basestring):
# qv = v.encode('utf-8') if isinstance(v, unicode) else v
# args.append('%s=%s' % (k, urllib.quote(qv)))
# elif isinstance(v, collections.Iterable):
# for i in v:
# qv = i.encode('utf-8') if isinstance(i, unicode) else str(i)
# args.append('%s=%s' % (k, urllib.quote(qv)))
# else:
# qv = str(v)
# args.append('%s=%s' % (k, urllib.quote(qv)))
# return '&'.join(args)

args = []
_urlencode = kw.pop('_urlencode', urllib.quote)
for k, v in _format_params(_pk=None, encode=_urlencode, **kw):
args.append('%s=%s' % (k, v))

args = sorted(args, key=lambda s: s.split("=")[0])
return '&'.join(args)

def _read_body(obj):
using_gzip = obj.headers.get('Content-Encoding', '') == 'gzip'
body = obj.read()
if using_gzip:
gzipper = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=StringIO(body))
fcontent = gzipper.read()
gzipper.close()
return fcontent
return body

class JsonDict(dict):
"""
general json object that allows attributes to be bound to and also behaves like a dict
"""

def __getattr__(self, attr):
try:
return self[attr]
except KeyError:
raise AttributeError(r"'JsonDict' object has no attribute '%s'" % attr)

def __setattr__(self, attr, value):
self[attr] = value

def _parse_json(s):
"""
parse str into JsonDict
"""

def _obj_hook(pairs):
"""
convert json object to Python object
"""
o = JsonDict()
for k, v in pairs.iteritems():
o[str(k)] = v
return o
return json.loads(s, object_hook=_obj_hook)

def _parse_xml(s):
"""
parse str into xml
"""

raise NotImplementedError()

def _parse_html(s):
"""
parse str into html
"""

raise NotImplementedError()

def _parse_text(s):
"""
parse str into text
"""

raise NotImplementedError()

def _http_call(the_url, method, return_type="json", request_type=None, request_suffix=None, headers={}, _timeout=30, **kwargs):
"""
the_url: 请求地址
method 请求方法（get，post）
return_type： 返回格式解析
request_suffix： 请求地址的后缀，如jsp，net
_timeout: 超时时间
kwargs: 请求参数
"""

http_url = "%s.%s" (the_url, request_suffix) if request_suffix else the_url

if request_type == 'json':
headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/json'
# method = _HTTP_POST
# json_data = json.dumps(kwargs)
# # convert str to bytes (ensure encoding is OK)
# params = json_data.encode('utf-8')
params = json.dumps(kwargs)
else:
params = encode_params(**kwargs)
http_url = '%s?%s' % (http_url, params) if method == _HTTP_GET else http_url
print http_url
# u = urlparse(http_url)
# headers.setdefault("host", u.hostname)
http_body = None if method == _HTTP_GET else params

req = urllib2.Request(http_url, data=http_body, headers=headers)

callback = globals().get('_parse_{0}'.format(return_type))
if not hasattr(callback, '__call__'):
print "return '%s' unable to resolve" % return_type
callback = _parse_json
try:

resp = urllib2.urlopen(req, timeout=_timeout if _timeout else TIMEOUT)
body = _read_body(resp)
r = callback(body)
# if hasattr(r, 'error_code'):
# raise APIError(r.error_code, r.get('error', ''), r.get('request', ''))
return r
except urllib2.HTTPError, e:
try:
body = _read_body(e)
r = callback(body)
return r
except:
r = None
# if hasattr(r, 'error_code'):
# raise APIError(r.error_code, r.get('error', ''), r.get('request', ''))
raise e

class HttpObject(object):

def __init__(self, client, method):
self.client = client
self.method = method

def __getattr__(self, attr):

def wrap(**kw):
if attr:
the_url = '%s/%s' % (self.client.api_url, attr.replace('__', '/'))
else:
the_url = self.client.api_url
return _http_call(the_url, self.method, **kw)
return wrap

def __call__(self, **kw):
return _http_call(self.client.api_url, self.method, **kw)

class APIClient(object):
"""
使用方法：
比如：api 请求地址为：http://api.open.zbjdev.com/kuaiyinserv/kuaiyin/billaddress
请求方式为： GET
需要的参数为：user_id 用户的UID
is_all 是否查询所有数据，0为默认邮寄地址 1为全部邮寄地址
access_token 平台认证
返回数据为：json

那么此时使用如下：
domain = "api.open.zbjdev.com"
#如果是https请求，需要将is_https设置为True
client = APIClient(domain)
data = {"user_id": "14035462", "is_all": 1, "access_token": "XXXXXXXXXX"}
# 如果是post请求，请将get方法改为post方法
result = client.kuaiyinserv.kuaiyin.billaddress.get(return_type="json", **data)
#等同于
# result = client.kuaiyinserv__kuaiyin__billaddress__get(return_type="json", **data)
# result = client.kuaiyinserv__kuaiyin__billaddress(return_type="json", **data)
"""

def __init__(self, domain, is_https=False):

http = "http"
if domain.startswith("http://") or domain.startswith("https://"):
http, domain = domain.split("://")
# else:
if is_https:
http = "https"

self.api_url = ('%s://%s' % (http, domain)).rstrip("/")
self.get = HttpObject(self, _HTTP_GET)
self.post = HttpObject(self, _HTTP_POST)

def __getattr__(self, attr):
if '__' in attr:

method = self.get
if attr[-6:] == "__post":
attr = attr[:-6]
method = self.post

elif attr[-5:] == "__get":
attr = attr[:-5]

if attr[:2] == '__':
attr = attr[2:]
return getattr(method, attr)
return _Callable(self, attr)

class _Executable(object):

def __init__(self, client, method, path):
self._client = client
self._method = method
self._path = path

def __call__(self, **kw):
method = _METHOD_MAP[self._method]
return _http_call('%s/%s' % (self._client.api_url, self._path), method, **kw)

def __str__(self):
return '_Executable (%s %s)' % (self._method, self._path)

__repr__ = __str__

class _Callable(object):

def __init__(self, client, name):
self._client = client
self._name = name

def __getattr__(self, attr):
if attr == 'get':
return _Executable(self._client, 'GET', self._name)
if attr == 'post':
return _Executable(self._client, 'POST', self._name)
name = '%s/%s' % (self._name, attr)
return _Callable(self._client, name)

def __str__(self):
return '_Callable (%s)' % self._name

__repr__ = __str__

def test_logistics():

domain = "https://api.kuaidi100.com/api"

#如果是https请求，需要将is_https设置为True
client = APIClient(domain)

data = {"id": "45f2d1f2sds", "com": "yunda", "nu": "1500066330925"}
result = client.__get(_timeout=2, **data)
print result
print result["message"]
print result.get("message")
print result.message

if __name__ == '__main__':

# test_logistics()

data = {
"data":{
"id": 1,
"pid": 3,
"name": u'中的阿斯顿'
},
"sign": 'asdfdsdsfsdf',
}

domain = "kuaiyin.zhubajie.com"

client = APIClient(domain)
# headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
headers = {"host": domain}

result = client.api.zhubajie.fz.info.post(return_type="json", request_type="json", headers=headers, **data)
print result
print result['data']['msg']

c = APIClient('task.6.zbj.cn')
r = getattr(c.api, 'kuaiyin-action-delcache').post(request_type="json",
headers={},
**{"sign": "",
"data": {
"product": "pvc",
"category": "card",
"req_type": "pack_list"
}})
print r
print r['data']['msg']