简析mysql字符集导致恢复数据库报错问题

mysql/' target='_blank'>mysql字符集编码错误的导入数据会提示错误了，这个和插入数据一样如果保存的数据与MySQL编码不一样那么肯定会出现导入乱码或插入数据丢失的问题，下面我们一起来看一个例子。

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恢复数据库报错：由于字符集问题，最原始的数据库默认编码是latin1，新备份的数据库的编码是utf8，因此导致恢复错误。

[root@hk byrd]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p'admin' t4x < /tmp/11x-B-2014-06-18.sql ERROR 1064 (42000) at line 292: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near ''[caption id=\"attachment_271\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]<a href=\"ht' at line 1

修复方法(未实测)：

[root@Test ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p'admin' --default-character-set=latin1 t4x < /tmp/11x-B-2014-06-18.sql MySQL-- MySQL dump 10.13 Distrib 5.5.37, for Linux (x86_64)---- Host: localhost  Database: t4x-- -------------------------------------------------------- Server version    5.5.37-log/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=' 00:00' */;/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;---- Current Database: `t4x`--CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `t4x` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */;---- Table structure for table `wp_baidusubmit_sitemap`--DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `wp_baidusubmit_sitemap`;/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client   = @@character_set_client */;/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;CREATE TABLE `wp_baidusubmit_sitemap` ( `sid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `url` varchar(255) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `type` tinyint(4) NOT NULL, `create_time` int(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `start` int(11) DEFAULT '0', `end` int(11) DEFAULT '0', `item_count` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT '0', `file_size` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT '0', `lost_time` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT '0', PRIMARY KEY (`sid`), KEY `start` (`start`), KEY `end` (`end`)) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=84 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;01[root@hk byrd]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p'admin' t4x < /tmp/t4x-B-2014-06-17.sql ERROR 1064 (42000) at line 295: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near ''i' at line 1

MySQL

-- MySQL dump 10.11---- Host: localhost  Database: t4x-- -------------------------------------------------------- Server version    5.0.95-log/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=' 00:00' */;/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;-- -- Current Database: `t4x`--CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `t4x` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */;USE `t4x`;---- Table structure for table `wp_baidusubmit_sitemap`--DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `wp_baidusubmit_sitemap`;/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client   = @@character_set_client */;/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;CREATE TABLE `wp_baidusubmit_sitemap` ( `sid` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment, `url` varchar(255) NOT NULL default '', `type` tinyint(4) NOT NULL, `create_time` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `start` int(11) default '0', `end` int(11) default '0', `item_count` int(10) unsigned default '0', `file_size` int(10) unsigned default '0', `lost_time` int(10) unsigned default '0', PRIMARY KEY (`sid`), KEY `start` (`start`), KEY `end` (`end`)) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=83 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

字符集相关：

MySQL

mysql>show variables like '%character_set%';-------------------------- ---------------------------- | Variable_name      | Value           |-------------------------- ---------------------------- | character_set_client   | utf8            || character_set_connection | utf8            || character_set_database  | utf8            || character_set_filesystem | binary           || character_set_results  | utf8            || character_set_server   | latin1           || character_set_system   | utf8            || character_sets_dir    | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |-------------------------- ---------------------------- mysql>set names gbk;mysql>show variables like '%character_set%';-------------------------- ---------------------------- | Variable_name      | Value           |-------------------------- ---------------------------- | character_set_client   | gbk            || character_set_connection | gbk            || character_set_database  | utf8            || character_set_filesystem | binary           || character_set_results  | gbk            || character_set_server   | latin1           || character_set_system   | utf8            || character_sets_dir    | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |-------------------------- ---------------------------- mysql>system cat /etc/my.cnf | grep default  #客户端设置字符集client下面 default-character-set=gbkmysql>show variables like '%character_set%';-------------------------- ---------------------------- | Variable_name      | Value           |-------------------------- ---------------------------- | character_set_client   | gbk            || character_set_connection | gbk            || character_set_database  | latin1           || character_set_filesystem | binary           || character_set_results  | gbk            || character_set_server   | latin1           || character_set_system   | utf8            || character_sets_dir    | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |-------------------------- ---------------------------- mysql> system cat /etc/my.cnf|grep character-set-server  #客户端设置字符集mysqld下面 character-set-server = cp1250 mysql> show variables like '%character_set%';-------------------------- -------------------------------------------- | Variable_name      | Value                   |-------------------------- -------------------------------------------- | character_set_client   | utf8                    || character_set_connection | utf8                    || character_set_database  | cp1250                   || character_set_filesystem | binary                   || character_set_results  | utf8                    || character_set_server   | cp1250                   || character_set_system   | utf8                    || character_sets_dir    | /byrd/service/mysql/5.6.26/share/charsets/ |-------------------------- -------------------------------------------- 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

其他的一些设置方法：

修改数据库的字符集

  mysql>use mydb  mysql>alter database mydb character set utf-8;

创建数据库指定数据库的字符集

  mysql>create database mydb character set utf-8;

通过配置文件修改:

修改/var/lib/mysql/mydb/db.opt

default-character-set=latin1default-collation=latin1_swedish_ci

为

default-character-set=utf8default-collation=utf8_general_ci

重起MySQL:

[root@bogon ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart

通过MySQL命令行修改:

mysql> set character_set_client=utf8;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> set character_set_connection=utf8;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> set character_set_database=utf8;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> set character_set_results=utf8;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> set character_set_server=utf8;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> set character_set_system=utf8;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> set collation_connection=utf8;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> set collation_database=utf8;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> set collation_server=utf8;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

查看:

mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';-------------------------- ---------------------------- | Variable_name       | Value            |-------------------------- ---------------------------- | character_set_client   | utf8            || character_set_connection | utf8            || character_set_database  | utf8            || character_set_filesystem | binary           || character_set_results   | utf8            || character_set_server   | utf8            || character_set_system   | utf8            || character_sets_dir    | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |-------------------------- ---------------------------- 8 rows in set (0.03 sec)mysql> show variables like 'collation_%';---------------------- ----------------- | Variable_name     | Value      |---------------------- ----------------- | collation_connection | utf8_general_ci || collation_database  | utf8_general_ci || collation_server   | utf8_general_ci |---------------------- ----------------- 3 rows in set (0.04 sec)

总结

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