MSSQL 监控数据/日志文件增长实现方法

前几天,在所有数据库服务器部署了监控磁盘空间的存储过程和作业后（MS SQL 监控磁盘空间告警），今天突然收到了两封告警邮件，好吧，存储规划是一方面，但是，是不是要分析一下是什么原因造成磁盘空间不足的呢？会不会是因为突然暴增的日志文件，抑或是系统业务猛增导致数据量暴增，还是历史数据累计原因....分析总得有数据来支撑吧，但是现在只有那些数据文件的当前大小信息，没有数据文件的历史增长变化信息，所以，今天就想实现这么一个功能，每天（频率可以调整）去收集一下数据文件的信息，放到一个表里面，这样方便我们分析数据文件的增长演变例程，甚至你可以将数据文件的增长幅度和业务变化关联起来分析....

那么接下来就是我的设计思路和实现代码，目前只是简单实现，以后将继续优化,丰富一些功能。

首先我们创建一个表DiskCapacityHistory，用来保存数据库文件的历史增长变化信息：

复制代码 代码如下:
USE msdb;
GO

IF EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM dbo.sysobjects WHERE id = OBJECT_ID(N'') AND xtype='U')
DROP TABLE DiskCapacityHistory;
GO

CREATE TABLE dbo.DiskCapacityHistory
(
[Date_CD] INT ,
[DataBaseID] INT ,
[FileID] INT ,
[DataBaseName] sysname ,
[LogicalName] VARCHAR(32) ,
[FileTypeDesc] NVARCHAR(60) ,
[PhysicalName] NVARCHAR(260) 　,
[StateDesc] NVARCHAR(60) 　 ,
[MaxSize] NVARCHAR(32) ,
[GrowthType] NVARCHAR(8) ,
[IsReadOnly] INT ,
[IsPercentGrowth] SMALLINT ,
[Size] FLOAT ,
[Growth_MOM_RAT] FLOAT ,
[Growth_YOY_RAT] FLOAT ,
CONSTRAINT PK_DiskCapacityHistory PRIMARY KEY(Date_CD, DataBaseID, FileID)
);

复制代码 代码如下:
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name = N'MS_Description'
, @value = '日期编码'
, @level0type = N'SCHEMA'
, @level0name = N'dbo'
, @level1type = N'TABLE'
, @level1name = N'DiskCapacityHistory'
, @level2type = N'COLUMN'
, @level2name = N'Date_CD';

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name = N'MS_Description'
, @value = '数据库标识'
, @level0type = N'SCHEMA'
, @level0name = N'dbo'
, @level1type = N'TABLE'
, @level1name = N'DiskCapacityHistory'
, @level2type = N'COLUMN'
, @level2name = N'DataBaseID';

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name = N'MS_Description'
, @value = '文件标识'
, @level0type = N'SCHEMA'
, @level0name = N'dbo'
, @level1type = N'TABLE'
, @level1name = N'DiskCapacityHistory'
, @level2type = N'COLUMN'
, @level2name = N'FileID';

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name = N'MS_Description'
, @value = '数据库名称'
, @level0type = N'SCHEMA'
, @level0name = N'dbo'
, @level1type = N'TABLE'
, @level1name = N'DiskCapacityHistory'
, @level2type = N'COLUMN'
, @level2name = N'DataBaseName';


EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name = N'MS_Description'
, @value = '数据库逻辑名称'
, @level0type = N'SCHEMA'
, @level0name = N'dbo'
, @level1type = N'TABLE'
, @level1name = N'DiskCapacityHistory'
, @level2type = N'COLUMN'
, @level2name = N'LogicalName';


EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name = N'MS_Description'
, @value = '文件类型描述'
, @level0type = N'SCHEMA'
, @level0name = N'dbo'
, @level1type = N'TABLE'
, @level1name = N'DiskCapacityHistory'
, @level2type = N'COLUMN'
, @level2name = N'FileTypeDesc';

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name = N'MS_Description'
, @value = '物理数据库文件'
, @level0type = N'SCHEMA'
, @level0name = N'dbo'
, @level1type = N'TABLE'
, @level1name = N'DiskCapacityHistory'
, @level2type = N'COLUMN'
, @level2name = N'PhysicalName';

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name = N'MS_Description'
, @value = '文件最大大小'
, @level0type = N'SCHEMA'
, @level0name = N'dbo'
, @level1type = N'TABLE'
, @level1name = N'DiskCapacityHistory'
, @level2type = N'COLUMN'
, @level2name = N'MaxSize';

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name = N'MS_Description'
, @value = '文件增长类型'
, @level0type = N'SCHEMA'
, @level0name = N'dbo'
, @level1type = N'TABLE'
, @level1name = N'DiskCapacityHistory'
, @level2type = N'COLUMN'
, @level2name = N'GrowthType';

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name = N'MS_Description'
, @value = '是否只读类型'
, @level0type = N'SCHEMA'
, @level0name = N'dbo'
, @level1type = N'TABLE'
, @level1name = N'DiskCapacityHistory'
, @level2type = N'COLUMN'
, @level2name = N'IsReadOnly';

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name = N'MS_Description'
, @value = '是否按百分比增长'
, @level0type = N'SCHEMA'
, @level0name = N'dbo'
, @level1type = N'TABLE'
, @level1name = N'DiskCapacityHistory'
, @level2type = N'COLUMN'
, @level2name = N'IsPercentGrowth';

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name = N'MS_Description'
, @value = '数据文件大小(GB)'
, @level0type = N'SCHEMA'
, @level0name = N'dbo'
, @level1type = N'TABLE'
, @level1name = N'DiskCapacityHistory'
, @level2type = N'COLUMN'
, @level2name = N'Size';

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name = N'MS_Description'
, @value = '文件增长环比(%)'
, @level0type = N'SCHEMA'
, @level0name = N'dbo'
, @level1type = N'TABLE'
, @level1name = N'DiskCapacityHistory'
, @level2type = N'COLUMN'
, @level2name = N'Growth_MOM_RAT';

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name = N'MS_Description'
, @value = '文件增长同比(%)'
, @level0type = N'SCHEMA'
, @level0name = N'dbo'
, @level1type = N'TABLE'
, @level1name = N'DiskCapacityHistory'
, @level2type = N'COLUMN'
, @level2name = N'Growth_YOY_RAT';

GO

IF OBJECT_ID(N'sp_diskcapacity_cal') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE sp_diskcapacity_cal;
GO

接下来，我们创建存储过程，负责来收集、统计这些数据库的文件的相关信息。关于环比/同比,正常情况一般是:
环比: (指标当前值 - 指标值(上个月同一天))/ 指标值(上个月同一天) 。
同比: (指标当前值 - 指标值(去年月同一天))/ 指标值(去年月同一天) 。
其实如果关注每天的数据文件变化情况，这个代码里面的环比、同比其实意义不大，其实我们可以这样定义环比、同比：
环比： （指标当前值 - 指标值（昨天）)/指标值（昨天）。
同比： （指标当前值 - 指标值 （上个月））/指标值（上个月）
当然，你也可以把这四个指标都加上，对比参考，侧重点不同而已。

复制代码 代码如下:
IF OBJECT_ID(N'sp_diskcapacity_cal')IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE sp_diskcapacity_cal;
GO

CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.sp_diskcapacity_cal
AS
BEGIN

INSERT INTO dbo.DiskCapacityHistory
(
[Date_CD] ,
[DataBaseID] ,
[FileID] ,
[DataBaseName] ,
[LogicalName] ,
[FileTypeDesc] ,
[PhysicalName] ,
[StateDesc] ,
[MaxSize] ,
[GrowthType] ,
[IsReadOnly] ,
[IsPercentGrowth] ,
[Size]
)
SELECT CAST(REPLACE(CONVERT(varchar(10),GETDATE(),120),'-','') AS INT)
AS DateCD ,
database_id AS DataBaseId ,
file_id AS FileID ,
DB_NAME(database_id) AS DataBaseName ,
name AS LogicalName ,
type_desc AS FileTypeDesc ,
physical_name AS PhysicalName ,
state_desc AS StateDesc ,
CASE WHEN max_size = 0 THEN N'不允许增长'
WHEN max_size = -1 THEN N'自动增长'
ELSE LTRIM(STR(max_size * 8.0 / 1024 / 1024, 14, 2)) + 'G'
END AS MaxSize ,
CASE WHEN is_percent_growth = 1
THEN RTRIM(CAST(Growth AS CHAR(10))) + '%'
ELSE RTRIM(CAST(Growth AS CHAR(10))) + 'M'
END AS Growth ,
Is_Read_Only AS IsReadOnly ,
Is_Percent_Growth AS IsPercentGrowth ,
CAST(size * 8.0 / 1024 / 1024 AS DECIMAL(8, 4)) AS Size
FROM sys.master_files;


MERGE INTO dbo.DiskCapacityHistory DM USING
(
SELECT M.Date_CD ,
M.DataBaseID ,
M.FileID ,
CASE WHEN N.SIZE IS NULL OR N.SIZE = 0 THEN 0 ELSE
(M.SIZE - N.SIZE)/N.SIZE END AS Growth_MOM_RAT
FROM dbo.DiskCapacityHistory M
LEFT JOIN dbo.DiskCapacityHistory N ON
CAST(CAST(M.Date_CD AS CHAR(8)) AS DATE) = DATEADD(MONTH, 1, CAST(CAST(N.Date_CD AS CHAR(8)) AS DATE))
AND M.DataBaseID = N.DataBaseID AND M.FileID = N.FileID
WHERE M.Date_CD = CAST(REPLACE(CONVERT(varchar(10),GETDATE(),120),'-','') AS INT)
) TMP
ON
(
DM.Date_CD = TMP.Date_CD AND
DM.DatabaseId = TMP.DataBaseId AND
DM.FileId = TMP.FileId
)
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET
DM.Growth_MOM_RAT = TMP.Growth_MOM_RAT;
END
GO

顺便吐槽一下：由于前两年一直使用ORACLE数据库，很少接触SQL SERVER，在实现上面功能的时候，我深深的体会到了ORACLE和SQL SERVER的巨大差距，如果用PL/SQL实现，那非常方便快捷，但是用T-SQL让我遇到了几个相当痛苦地方，下面顺便记录对比一下吧：

一：由于我采用INT来保存日期数据，那么需要在DATE类型和INT类型之间转换，我们来对比一下两者的差别吧：


1.1 DATE类型转换为整型:

T-SQL：

SELECT CAST(REPLACE(CONVERT(varchar(10),GETDATE(),120),'-','') AS INT);

PL/SQL：

SELECT TO_CHAR(Date_CD, 'YYYYMMDD') FROM DUAL;


1.2 整型转换为DATE类型（字段DATE_CD）

T-SQL：

SELECT CAST(CAST(DATE_CD AS CHAR(8)) AS DATE) FROM TEST;

PL/SQL：

SELECT TO_DATE(DATE_CD, 'YYYY-MM-DD') FROM TEST;

结论: 纯属个人感受,从上面的脚本的简单性,方便性上,感觉ORACLE完胜SQL SERVER


二：计算数据文件增长同比、环比值


1：SQL SERVER 2005 没有MERGE语句功能，上面的脚本得改写成

复制代码 代码如下:
UPDATEdbo.DiskCapacityHistory
SET GROWTH_MOM_RAT =( SELECTCASE WHEN N.SIZE IS NULL
OR N.SIZE = 0 THEN 0
ELSE ( dbo.DiskCapacityHistory.SIZE
- N.SIZE ) / N.SIZE
END AS Growth_MOM_RAT
FROM dbo.DiskCapacityHistory N
WHERE CAST(CAST(dbo.DiskCapacityHistory.Date_CD AS CHAR(8)) AS DATE) = DATEADD(MONTH,
1,
CAST(CAST(N.Date_CD AS CHAR(8)) AS DATE))
AND dbo.DiskCapacityHistory.DataBaseID = N.DataBaseID
AND dbo.DiskCapacityHistory.FileID = N.FileID
)
WHEREdbo.DiskCapacityHistory.Date_CD = CAST(REPLACE(CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE(), 120),
'-', '') AS INT)

UPDATEdbo.DiskCapacityHistory
SET GROWTH_YOY_RAT =( SELECTCASE WHEN N.SIZE IS NULL
OR N.SIZE = 0 THEN 0
ELSE ( dbo.DiskCapacityHistory.SIZE
- N.SIZE ) / N.SIZE
END AS Growth_YOY_RAT
FROM dbo.DiskCapacityHistory N
WHERE CAST(CAST(dbo.DiskCapacityHistory.Date_CD AS CHAR(8)) AS DATE) = DATEADD(MONTH,
12,
CAST(CAST(N.Date_CD AS CHAR(8)) AS DATE))
AND dbo.DiskCapacityHistory.DataBaseID = N.DataBaseID
AND dbo.DiskCapacityHistory.FileID = N.FileID
)
WHEREdbo.DiskCapacityHistory.Date_CD = CAST(REPLACE(CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE(), 120),
'-', '') AS INT)

或

复制代码 代码如下:
CREATE TABLE #DiskCapacityHistory
(
DATE_CD INT ,
DataBaseID INT ,
FileID INT ,
Growth_MOM_RAT FLOAT
) ;

INSERTINTO #DiskCapacityHistory
SELECT M.DATE_CD ,
M.DataBaseID ,
M.FileID ,
CASE WHEN N.SIZE IS NULL
OR N.SIZE = 0 THEN 0
ELSE ( M.SIZE - N.SIZE ) / N.SIZE
END AS Growth_MOM_RAT
FROM dbo.DiskCapacityHistory M ,
dbo.DiskCapacityHistory N
WHERE CAST(CAST(M.Date_CD AS CHAR(8)) AS DATE) = DATEADD(MONTH, 1,
CAST(CAST(N.Date_CD AS CHAR(8)) AS DATE))
AND M.DataBaseID = N.DataBaseID
AND M.FileID = N.FileID
AND M.Date_CD = CAST(REPLACE(CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE()
- 1, 120), '-', '') AS INT)

UPDATE dbo.DiskCapacityHistory
SET Growth_MOM_RAT = M.Growth_MOM_RAT
FROM #DiskCapacityHistory M
WHERE dbo.DiskCapacityHistory.DATE_CD = M.DATE_CD
AND dbo.DiskCapacityHistory.DataBaseID = M.DataBaseID
AND dbo.DiskCapacityHistory.FileID = M.FileID ;

2: 幸好SQL 2008还把ORACLE的MERGE的功能给模仿了过来，但是T-SQL缺少ORACLE数据库强大的分析函数LAG，如果有这个，我计算环比，同比就非常方便了，一个SQL就搞定了，下面是个例子，本想把ORACLE的SQL也做个例子展现，但是又要建表、造数，折腾起来比较麻烦。

复制代码 代码如下:
MERGE INTO DM.TM_WGGBO_IDCTOBUSVOLDTL_DAY DM
USING (
SELECT *
FROM (
SELECT DATE_CD,
CITY_ID,
IDC_NODE,
VOL_TYPE,
LAG(IDC_VOL_RAT ) OVER(PARTITION BY CITY_ID,IDC_NODE,VOL_TYPE,SUBSTR(DATE_CD,7,2) ORDER BY SUBSTR(DATE_CD,0,6)) AS IDC_MOM_RAT ,
LAG(IDC_VOL_RAT ) OVER(PARTITION BY CITY_ID,IDC_NODE,VOL_TYPE,SUBSTR(DATE_CD,5,4) ORDER BY SUBSTR(DATE_CD,0,4)) AS IDC_YOY_RAT ,

FROM DM.TM_WGGBO_IDCTOBUSVOLDTL_DAY
) T
WHERE EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM ETL.T_IDCVOL_DAY_${ssid} WHERE DATE_CD = T.DATE_CD)
) TEMP
ON (
DM.DATE_CD = TEMP.DATE_CD AND
DM.CITY_ID = TEMP.CITY_ID AND
DM.IDC_NODE = TEMP.IDC_NODE AND
DM.VOL_TYPE = TEMP.VOL_TYPE
)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE
SET DM.IDC_MOM_RAT = TEMP.IDC_MOM_RAT ,
DM.IDC_YOY_RAT = TEMP.IDC_YOY_RAT

COMMIT;

作者：潇湘隐者
出处：http://www.cnblogs.com/kerrycode/